Diseases, sexually transmitted diseases: a review

This group includes infectious diseases that are transmitted through sexual contact. In the U.S., STDs are approximately one person in five, with 25% of new cases recorded in adolescents. Among infectious diseases STDs are among the most common.

STDs affect people of all social strata. The risk of infection increases if a person comes into contact with multiple sexual partners. Many STD symptoms, especially among women, and in these cases the spread of the disease turns into a hidden epidemic. Diseases can be spread by anal, vaginal and oral sex.

Despite the prevalence of STDs, for some people, this topic remains taboo. Bitten STD, they feel shame and fall into depression. If you suspect that contracted STDs, be sure to visit the doctor. Most STDs can be cured, in other cases the course of the disease can be controlled. In the absence of medical treatment of STDs can lead to serious diseases, such as infertility, cancer or even death. Therefore, in the case of the disease as soon as possible to seek medical care or undergo regular examinations, if you are at risk. STDs in pregnant women can lead to spontaneous abortion, low birth-weight baby or a child with low birth weight, brain damage or STDs in the child.

In order to prevent STDs is necessary:

* Use a condom during sexual contact
* Refrain from casual relationships or contact with a sick partner
* To be faithful to one partner
* Before you enter into a sexual relationship, the partner does not know whether he / she has STD
* Use Gardasil - the first approved vaccine against the human papilloma virus. Vaccinate girls before sexual activity to prevent infection of genital warts.

Herpes

Herpes virus exists in two forms: herpes simplex and herpes. Herpes simplex usually affects the mucous membrane of the mouth and causes rashes during colds, but can also affect the genital and perianal region. This virus is transmitted by kissing. Herpes zoster virus is usually transmitted through sexual contact. Frequently, herpes symptoms, may sometimes appear blisters and sores on the skin of genital organs, but even in the quiet period may be infected. The disease is incurable, but the aggravation suppressed with medication. When the wound is opened, the likelihood of contracting more than in the period when the rash absent. The duration of exacerbations is approximately two weeks, they can occur at any time. To the extent that after the initial infection as the years pass, the exacerbation occur less frequently and almost completely stopped after 5-6 years.

During the birth mother can transmit the herpes virus child. In 30-60% of infected infants die within the first month of life. Surviving children may have mental retardation and epilepsy.

Chlamydia

Chlamydia - one of the most common infections, sexually transmitted infections. Most often it is diagnosed in young people and adolescents. Approximately 75% of men and women are unaware of their disease.

Chlamydia - the main cause of pelvic inflammatory disease leading to infertility and ectopic pregnancy. After a postponed chlamydial infection in the fallopian tubes may remain adhesions, rendering them impassable for a fertilized egg. In these cases, the embryo attaches and begins to develop outside the uterus. There is ectopic pregnancy, requiring emergency surgery.

Chlamydial infection can be cured with antibiotics. Chlamydia was found in 4 times more likely than gonorrhea and other bacterial STDs.

During the birth mother can transmit the disease to the child and the newborn will develop eye infection or pneumonia. Without treatment, the disease can lead to blindness. Chlamydia infection can also cause premature birth.

Human papillomavirus

Human papillomavirus (HPV) - a group of viruses (over 100 varieties), which cause genital warts, or warts. HPV is usually transmitted through sexual contact. According to some estimates, more than 25% of women in the United States are infected with HPV. According to experts, this virus - the cause of most cases of cervical cancer and cancer of the vulva and vagina. Currently, there is a vaccine against HPV (Gardasil), which is recommended for use in girls aged 11-12.

Depending on the type of HPV warts can appear on the feet, hands or other parts of the body, including in the genital area (genital warts). The symptoms are not all people infected with HPV, and approximately half of the cases. However, all carriers of HPV can transmit the infection to others. Female carriers of HPV should undergo regular gynecological examinations to detect precancerous changes of the cervix.

Papilloma virus is very contagious. In two thirds of cases in people who have had sexual contact with infected, symptoms appear within three months after exposure.

Syphilis

In the past, syphilis was considered a fatal disease, but now he can be treated effectively while identifying the early stages. The disease is transmitted during vaginal, anal or oral contact. In primary syphilis (first stage of infection) infection occurs through contact with a chancre on the genitals. Since syphilitic chancre is painless, sick may not know about their disease and do not seek medical help. However, in the absence of treatment of syphilis slowly destroys the central nervous system and internal organs, causing heart disease, dementia, blindness, paralysis and death. Syphilis also increases the risk of transmitting or acquiring HIV. Congenital syphilis can cause blindness, severe organ damage and death of the newborn.

Gonorrhea

Gonorrhea - A bacterial infection of the vagina, penis and anus. Symptoms are pain with urination and purulent discharge from the urethra. Gonorrhea can be asymptomatic. Reproduction gonococcus occurs on mucous membranes, including the reproductive tract, mouth and rectum. In women, gonorrhea can infect the cervix, causing inflammation. In one of the five cases, infection spreads to the uterus and appendages, causing pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility or ectopic pregnancy. Without treatment, gonorrhea increases the risk of HIV infection. Gonococcus can also enter the bloodstream and infect other organs, causing them to chronic inflammation (such as arthritis - inflammation of the joints). Can be transmitted from mother to child during birth, causing the newborn incurable eye injury.

AIDS

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) causes a disease called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV destroys the human immune system that leads to the development of fatal infections. Before the developed ways of treating HIV who become ill died within a year or two. Common, widespread bacteria and viruses are not dangerous for people with normally functioning immune system. But people infected with HIV, the same agent causes pneumonia and other serious illnesses because their immune system is not working properly. To date, HIV remains an incurable disease, but found ways to increase the lifespan of infected.

AIDS is the last stage of HIV. HIV is transmitted through sexual contact, intravenous administration of infected needles and from mother to child during birth. If the mother does not receive treatment, it occurs in approximately 20% of cases. The virus enters the body through the mucous membrane of the vagina, vulva, penis, rectum or mouth during sexual intercourse and through blood (through contact with infected needles).

Inflammatory diseases of pelvic

Inflammatory diseases of the pelvic organs - is the infection of female reproductive organs, such as the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries and surrounding pelvic tissues. When chlamydial infection and gonorrhea is an inflammation of these organs are formed adhesions, which violate the patency of fallopian tubes, which leads to infertility, because the fertilized egg can not reach the uterus. This condition leads to an ectopic pregnancy when the fertilized egg begins to develop in the fallopian tube.

After carried inflammatory disease pelvic infertility develops in approximately 20% of cases. Most women with tube infertility do not feel any symptoms. Some patients develop a syndrome of chronic pelvic pain due to the development of adhesions and changes in the pelvic organs. For the treatment of this condition sometimes requires surgery.

Trichomoniasis

Trichomoniasis causes isolation and fishy odor from the vagina in women. In men, the disease is usually asymptomatic, although occasionally can lead to infection of the urinary system. The microorganism is transmitted by vaginal sex. Although the disease does not lead to significant health problems, trichomoniasis may facilitate HIV transmission. Vaginal discharge, trapped on the skin, have a stimulating effect. Pregnancy with trichomoniasis dangerous birth of premature infants, and children with low birth weight.

Hepatitis

Hepatitis - an inflammatory disease of the liver caused by viruses may be, the use of drugs and excessive alcohol consumption. There are 5 forms of hepatitis: A, B, C, D and E. When sexual intercourse is most commonly spread hepatitis B, infection of other forms of hepatitis are much rarer.

Hepatitis B

Hepatitis B virus causes acute or chronic liver disease. At the highest concentration of virus present in the blood of the patient, as well as in low concentrations - in semen, vaginal secret and saliva. Hepatitis B can be transmitted from mother to child during birth. In adults, hepatitis B can be cured, but 10% of cases it becomes chronic. In severe cases it can lead to liver failure, liver cancer and death. According to American doctors, hepatitis B virus is 100 times more contagious than HIV.

Pubic Lice

Pubic lice - a pale-gray insects that look like tiny crabs. Redeployed almost exclusively through sexual contact, get them through a common toilet seat is impossible. The eggs of lice can be found at the base of the hair in the pubic area, armpits, eyelashes and eyebrows.
Rx New York